硒在猪营养和繁殖中的作用——对公猪和精液质量的影响(续2)

正上期回顾:上期主要介绍了活细胞抗氧化系统的3个重要防御水平。5公猪精液中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶由于过氧化氢和脂质过氧化物对精子均有毒性作用(Walczak-Jedrzejowska等,2013;Wright等,2014),因此谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)在保护精子细胞膜的脂质免受过氧化反应中     

一种用于灵活配电系统故障程度预测的分散解决方案

随着各种分布式发电设备并入电网,传统的配电网已经发展为灵活配电网。分散发电设备的并入所带来的重大挑战之一是故障电流可能超过相关断路器的允许容量。介绍一种分散解决方案,可以依附于配电馈线继电保护装置,仅利用就地测量的电压和电流即可在线计算出预计故障程度。首先,通过所测的电流和电压变化计算等量电阻以及等量源电压,然后,可以通过计算出的电阻和背侧源电压得出预计故障程度。试验结果证明了该方案的有效性。     

浅析与烟农沟通的技巧

本文分析了烟叶工作者在日常工作中与烟农沟通存在的一系列问题,如缺乏相互了解、地方语言差异、烟叶技术员性格及烟农老旧思想问题,对以上障碍提出了以下对策：一、加强培训,注重德育; 二、尊重风俗,巧借桥梁；三、主动沟通,换位思考；四、心平气和,机智应对；五、循序渐进地推广新技术,期望不断增进烟叶工作人员与烟农之间的交流,增强农商互信,积极引导烟农利用现代生产技术将烟种好,适应卷烟品牌发展要求,满足高端卷烟的原料需要。     

Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash and phytoextraction of salt-affected soil

Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil. Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process, which exploits plants to absorb, immobilize, and accumulate salt in their shoots. In this study, halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (KM233646), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KM233647), Bacillus flexus (KM233648), and Bacillus safensis (KM233652). Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly (P < 0.05) increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash, grown on natural salt-affected soil. The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants. When compared to un-inoculated control plants, the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved. The shoot and root biomass (fresh and dry weights), soil enzymes, and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio. Consequently, the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.     

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.     

香梨优斑螟成虫内生殖系统结构观察

[目的]为明确香梨优斑螟成虫的生殖系统的结构特征。[方法]解剖雌雄成虫的内生殖系统并分析。结果发现：雄虫的内生殖系统主要由1对睾丸愈合为一体的近球状精巢,经输精管与2个储精囊相连,储精囊的下端再经输精管与附腺的前端以及复射精管中部相连,其中复射精管前端与附腺前端相连,其下端与单射精管相连, 单射精管末端接于阳茎。雌虫的内生殖系统由2组各4根卵巢的上端连接与悬带,其下端连接两条侧输卵管,两条侧输卵管下端共同连接一条中输卵管,中输卵管末端连接发达的梨形交配囊、受精囊和附腺囊,其中交配囊、受精囊均与导精管相连,附腺囊与附腺相连。[结论]雄成虫内生殖系统由精巢、2个储精囊、输精管、复射精管、2条附腺及单射精管尾端组成,雌虫的内生殖系统由8根卵巢、2根侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、交配囊及较长的附腺组成。     

暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存技术研究

旨在对暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存技术进行研究，以期为规模化繁殖的暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存提供依据。利用清水、0.5%盐水、1.0%盐水、1.5%盐水和直接冷藏等方式处理被暗黑赤眼蜂寄生的麦蛾卵，研究其低温贮藏技术。结果表明：与对照相比较，0.5%、1.0%和1.5%盐水处理后能够显著提高暗黑赤眼蜂的羽化率、降低其羽化畸形率；45 天以内，各浓度盐水处理的暗黑赤眼蜂单雌产卵量与对照之间差异不显著，表明在此时间内利用盐水处理可显著保持暗黑赤眼蜂的单雌产卵量；冷藏90 天后，暗黑赤眼蜂雌雄比例开始增大，75 天后，暗黑赤眼蜂的雌雄比例失调较为严重。研究表明：冷藏时间的增加不利于暗黑赤眼蜂各项指标的发育，但0.5%、1.0%和1.5%盐水处理后能在一定程度上减少负面影响，是羽化率、羽化畸形率、雌虫寿命、单雌产卵量和雌雄比例等指标的有利因素。     

纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜产量、Cd含量及土壤Cd形态的影响

我国土壤Cd污染日趋严重。本研究探讨了纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜生长、Cd含量及形态、土壤Cd含量及形态的影响,以期为氢氧化镁在土壤Cd污染修复中的应用和蔬菜安全生产提供理论基础。采用大田试验研究了不同施加量(0、150、300、450 g.亩-1)的普通氢氧化镁和纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜的生长、Cd含量及形态、土壤的pH、土壤Cd含量及形态的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施加氢氧化镁后大白菜产量增加了4.1%~22.3%。施用氢氧化镁后大白菜叶片、叶柄和根Cd含量分别降低了5.3%~19.2%、9.0%~28.1%和3.5%~19.3%,土壤Cd含量降低了8.2%~41.5%。相同施用量下,纳米氢氧化镁处理的大白菜叶片、叶柄和根Cd含量明显低于普通氢氧化镁。施用氢氧化镁使大白菜地上部蛋白质结合态(NaCl-F)Cd含量下降,残渣态(R-F)Cd含量增加,土壤pH值降低,土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态(FeMn-Cd)、有机结合态(OM-Cd)和残渣态(RES-Cd)Cd含量降低。总体而言,NMg1处理大白菜产量最高,叶片Cd含量最低,为本研究最佳处理。     

Effects of irrigation and planting geometry on cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)fiber quality and seed composition

Background:Cotton fiber quality and seed composition play vital roles in the economics of cotton production systems and the cottonseed meal industry.This research aimed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels and planting geometries on fiber quality and seed composition of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).We conducted a 2-year study in 2018 and 2019 in a warm,humid area in the Southeast United States on Dundee silt loam soil.There were three irrigation treatments in the study.The treatments included irrigating every furrow,or full irrigation(FI),every alternate furrow,or half irrigation(HI),and no irrigation,or rain-fed(RF).Planting geometries were on ridges spaced 102 cm apart and either a single-row(SR)or twin-rows(TR).Results:The results of high-volume instrument(HVI),advanced fiber information systems(AFIS)and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)showed that irrigation and planting treatments played a significant role in fiber quality and seed composition.Across irrigation treatments,significant differences were seen in fiber properties,including fineness,maturity ratio,micronaire,neps,short fiber,strength,uniformity,upper half mean length(UHML),upper quartile length by weight(UQLw),and yellowness(+b).Irrigation and planting geometry(PG)had a significant effect on micronaire,strength,and UHML while their interaction was significant only for micronaire.The micronaire was negatively affected by irrigation as FI-SR,FI-TR,HI-SR,and HI-TR recorded 11%~12%lower over the RF-SR and TR treatments.The PG played a minor role in determining fiber quality traits like micronaire and nep count.Irrigation treatments produced significantly lower(3%~4%)protein content than rain-fed,while oil content increased significantly(6%~10%).Conclusions:The study results indicate a potential for improving cotton fiber and seed qualities by managing irrigation and planting geometries in cotton production systems in the Mississippi(MS)Delta region.The HI-TR system appears promising for lint and seed quality.     

Evaluation of subtropical ornamental trees for reclaiming salinity affected lands

This study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of 1-year-old seedlings of ten subtropical ornamental tree species against a range of salinity levels of Na Cl from May 2015 to October 2015. The levels were further enhanced from November to April 2017 as 100% survival was observed in the initial concentrations for all species.The seedlings were grown during the first week of April2015 in 1000 earthen pots containing soil: farmyard manure(2:1), irrigated with tap water for 1 month followed by saline irrigation in May by maintaining electrical conductivity at 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 d S/m for 30,40, 50, 60, 90, and 120 m M Na Cl. Every 3 months,heights, relative leaf water content, and percent survival were determined;total soluble sugars of the upper leaves of each tree were quantified. All species exhibited consistent early growth and survival when supplied with 30, 40, 50 and 60 m M of Na Cl. Koelreutaria paniculata, Ficus benjamina, Putranjiva roxburghii, Bauhinia purpurea and Millettia ovalifolia were sensitive to elevated salinity levels and did not survive at the highest salt concentrations of 90 and 120 m M.